爆破位置对深凹露天矿山炮烟扩散的影响研究

深凹露天矿山由于其特殊的结构,爆破产生的炮烟扩散稀释较为困难,严重危害生产作业人员的生命安全与健康。基于实际矿山构建了深凹露天矿山的二维物理及数学模型,采用非稳态数值分析方法研究了不同爆破位置下,深凹露天矿山采坑内爆破炮烟的扩散规律。研究结果表明：不同爆破位置下,露天采坑内均出现复环流,爆破点位置是影响露天采坑内风流结构特征的重要因素；露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度均随着时间变化而逐渐下降,但下降的速率逐步减小,呈现三个阶段的下降趋势；爆破位置位于背风侧时露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度和降至安全浓度所需时间远高于迎风侧三个爆破位置；随着背风侧爆破点距采坑底部距离的减小,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间先降低后增加,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间随着迎风侧爆破位置距采坑底部距离的减小而增加。研究结果对于指导深凹露天矿山企业合理组织爆破后的生产作业和保障作业人员安全具有重要意义。     

Combining a new baseboard radiator with a fan coil system for improving heating performance and reduce energy consumption

In the present work, the heating performance of a new system combined with a new modified baseboard radiator and fan coil is investigated. Using longitudinal fins with special geometry and also forced airflow at the end of the system causes that at the lower inlet water temperature compared with the conventional models, higher heat output rate be obtained. The heat output rate of the new modified system is obtained by experimental metrology based on the European Standard No. EN-442. Temperature and velocity distribution in the room space is done by simulation of the modified system in the Flovent software. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are validated against experimental results and there is a good agreement between them. Also, the energy consumption of the system during the winter season is calculated in TRANSYS software. Experimental results show that the heat output rate of a new modified heating system with inlet water temperature in the range of 45–55°C is on average 4.17 times higher compared with the conventional model. CFD simulation also showed that the combined system provides good thermal comfort conditions. Energy consumption of the new system reduced about 13% compared with conventional models.     

Effects of structural parameters on water film properties of transpiring wall reactor

Corrosion and salt deposition problems severely restrict the industrialization of supercritical water oxidation. Transpiring wall reactor can effectively weaken these two problems by a protective water film. In this work, methanol was selected as organic matter, and the influences of vital structural parameters on water film properties and organic matter removal were studied via numerical simulation. The results indicate that higher than 99% of methanol conversion could be obtained and hardly affected by transpiration water layer, transpiring wall porosity and inner diameter. Increasing layer and porosity reduced reactor center temperature, but inner diameter's influence was lower relatively. Water film temperature reduced but coverage rate raised as layer, porosity, and inner diameter increased. Notably, the whole reactor was in supercritical state and coverage rate was only approximately 85% in the case of one layer. Increasing reactor length affected slightly the volume of the upper supercritical zone but enlarged the subcritical zone.     

地应力条件下的凿岩爆破数值模拟

为了研究地应力对凿岩爆破的影响,采用DDA方法模拟爆炸应力波作用下考虑地应力条件时的单孔和多孔凿岩爆破破岩过程。模拟发现,随着初始地应力水平的增加,裂纹扩展半径和破岩区域面积减小,裂纹发育主方向趋于地应力的最大主应力方向,初始地应力对裂纹的抑制和引导作用明显;初始地应力水平的增加,对拉伸裂纹的抑制作用更为显著,从而降低了拉伸破坏对爆破破岩的贡献。模拟也表明,在初始地应力存在的条件下,通过对爆破载荷和炮孔布置进行针对性的优化,可以克服地应力带来的影响,并取得预期的爆破效果。本研究对地应力条件下的凿岩爆破工程具有理论和参考意义。     

不同进水流速对泵站进水池漩涡的影响

为探究泵站进水流速大小与泵站进水池水流流态、漩涡的产生与发展变化规律,结合泵站实际运行情况,建立引渠、前池、进水池和进水管的泵站物理模型和湍流数学模型,采用VOF模型和非定常的SST k-ω湍流模型对9种不同流速的泵站进水水流特性进行数值模拟,分析不同进水流速的泵站进水池水流流场分布、漩涡涡量的变化及分布规律。研究结果表明:当进水流速为0.322 2～0.564 2 m/s时,泵站表面漩涡的强度随进水流速的增大而增强:当进水流速为0.322 2～0.401 6 m/s时,进水池出现Ⅲ、Ⅳ型漩涡;当进水流速为0.483 5 m/s时,进水池出现Ⅴ型漩涡;当进水流速为0.520 8～0.564 2 m/s时,进水池出现Ⅵ型漩涡。将数值计算结果与模型试验结果进行对比,两者基本吻合。研究结果可为泵站工程设计提供参考。     

Hydrogen wettability in carbonate reservoirs: Implication for underground hydrogen storage from geochemical perspective

Hydrogen has been considered as a promising renewable source to replace fossil fuels to meet energy demand and achieve net-zero carbon emission target. Underground hydrogen storage attracts more interest as it shows potential to store hydrogen at large-scale safely and economically. Meanwhile, wettability is one of the most important formation parameters which can affect hydrogen injection rate, reproduction efficiency and storage capacity. However, current knowledge is still very limited on how fluid-rock interactions affect formation wettability at in-situ conditions. In this study, we thus performed geochemical modelling to interpret our previous brine contact angle measurements of H₂-brine-calcite system. The calcite surface potential at various temperatures, pressures and salinities was calculated to predict disjoining pressure. Moreover, the surface species concentrations of calcite and organic stearic acid were estimated to characterize calcite-organic acid electrostatic attractions and thus hydrogen wettability. The results of the study showed that increasing temperature increases the disjoining pressure on calcite surface, which intensifies the repulsion force of H₂ against calcite and increases the hydrophilicity. Increasing salinity decreases the disjoining pressure, leading to more H₂-wet and contact angle increment. Besides, increasing stearic acid concentration remarkably strengthens the adhesion force between calcite and organic acid, which leads to more hydrophobic and H₂-wet. In general, the results from geochemical modelling are consistent with experimental observations that decreasing temperature and increasing salinity and organic acid concentration increase water contact angle. This work also demonstrates the importance of involving geochemical modelling on H₂ wettability assessment during underground hydrogen storage.     

Influence of thermal runaway in styrene–acrylonitrile bulk copolymerization revealed by computational fluid dynamics modeling

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and kinetic-based moment methods coupled approach is adopted to simulate the bulk copolymerization of styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) in a stirred tank reactor. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impacts of impeller speed, monomer ratio, initiator ratio, and initial reaction temperature on the copolymerization process and product properties. Particularly, the Chaos theory is selected as a criterion for evaluating the occurrence of the thermal runaway. The Flory's and Stockmayer's distributions are employed to calculate chain length distribution and copolymer composition distribution of copolymer. The simulation results highlight that the appearance of thermal runaway can be postponed by properly increasing the rotation speed, decreasing the initiator loadings, initial acrylonitrile contents and initial reactor temperature. Furthermore, significant differences exist in the product properties that predicted by the ideal and non-ideal models, which demonstrates that the temperature heterogeneity plays a crucial role in SAN copolymerization. This study could offer references for the safe operation and design of polymerization processes.     

Identification of the Primary Factors Determining the Specificity of Human VKORC1 Recognition by Thioredoxin-Fold Proteins

Redox (reduction–oxidation) reactions control many important biological processes in all organisms, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This reaction is usually accomplished by canonical disulphide-based pathways involving a donor enzyme that reduces the oxidised cysteine residues of a target protein, resulting in the cleavage of its disulphide bonds. Focusing on human vitamin K epoxide reductase (hVKORC1) as a target and on four redoxins (protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase (ERp18), thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1 (Tmx1) and thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 4 (Tmx4)) as the most probable reducers of VKORC1, a comparative in-silico analysis that concentrates on the similarity and divergence of redoxins in their sequence, secondary and tertiary structure, dynamics, intraprotein interactions and composition of the surface exposed to the target is provided. Similarly, hVKORC1 is analysed in its native state, where two pairs of cysteine residues are covalently linked, forming two disulphide bridges, as a target for Trx-fold proteins. Such analysis is used to derive the putative recognition/binding sites on each isolated protein, and PDI is suggested as the most probable hVKORC1 partner. By probing the alternative orientation of PDI with respect to hVKORC1, the functionally related noncovalent complex formed by hVKORC1 and PDI was found, which is proposed to be a first precursor to probe thiol–disulphide exchange reactions between PDI and hVKORC1.     

微纳层叠聚丙烯腈凝胶流动特性的数值模拟研究

建立了层叠流道的三维模型和有限元网格模型，根据流变测试数据，采用Polymat对物料的黏度模型参数进行拟合，并利用Polyflow软件对聚丙烯腈（PAN）凝胶在层叠流道内的三维等温流动过程进行了数值模拟分析。研究发现，当入口流量增大时，层叠流道出口速度的不均匀性增加；沿流动方向流道内压力逐渐降低，并在出口处降低至同一最低值；流道进出口压力差与入口流量大小具有正相关性；在流道的中心截面上剪切速率分布均匀，波动较小。